Introduction
NoSQL database is the presentation of data in a different form from
the tables with relations. The NoSQL as the name suggests the database doesn’t
apply the usage of SQL queries. The relational database management system on the
other hand applies SQL queries on tables with relationships between the
different entities (Poojary, Poriya, & Nayak, 2015). The application of NoSQL
has been as a result of increase level of data due to the internet. The internet
has allowed organization to access huge levels of data which are crucial towards
ensuring that better decision making process is achieved. The Relational
Database Management System has been application by organization for an extensive
period of time and it doesn’t suit the huge influx of data due to utilization of
internet. The Relational Database Management System negatively affects the
ability of an organization to identify patterns thus limiting the opportunities
available.
Research problems
The Relational Database Management System has
problem when handling huge volumes of data. The huge volumes of data are a big
constraint to organizations. The huge volumes of data are as a result of data
from different sources that are crucial to business operations. The different
data types of information collected by organization are impossible to be stored
in the relational database system. The other problem is the huge velocity of
data thus making the relational database system unsuitable to handle the data
(Poojary, Poriya, & Nayak, 2015).
Research questions
Does NoSQL solve the problem facing the Relational Database Management System?
What are the benefits of using NoSQL database for business operations?
Benefits of switching to NoSQL database
According to Mukherjee NoSQL database is beneficial as compared to
RDBMS since it allows the storage of unstructured, semi-structured and
structured data (Mukherjee, 2020). The NoSQL allows the data to be stored in a
format closer to the actual data thus making it easier for interpretation by the
organization. The ability of the NoSQL database to store data in different
formats is important in ensuring that business organizations are able to gain a
better understanding of a business situation because of the available data. The
different type’s format of data allows better patterns on the data to be
identified thus allowing improved decision making process. The NoSQL offers a
better ability to the individual to perform updates and change of the fields and
schema. As opposed to Relational Database Management System the NoSQL database
is more flexible and allows the developer to keep changing the schema and field
to suit the source of the data. The flexibility is important in ensuring that
the data collected from the consumers is more advanced and suitable to the needs
of the organization (Teodoro, Wei-Kleiner, Sundvall, Karlsson, & Lambrix, 2016).
The consumer trends from the data keeps on changing thus it is important for the
schema to change to suit the raw data. NoSQL fully utilizes the cloud resources
thus reducing the downtime that might be experienced by the organizations. The
Relational Database Management System is doesn’t fully utilize the cloud
resources thus they are impacted by downtimes (Ali, Shafique, Raza, & Majeed,
2019). Downtimes in organization negatively affect the business processes of
organizations. It results in delays of business operations thus negatively
impacts the customer satisfaction level.
References
Ali, W., Shafique, M. U.,Raza, A., & Majeed, M. A. (2019). Comparison between SQL and NoSQL Databases and
Their Relationship with Big Data Analytics. Asian Journal of Computer Science
and Information Technology 4(2) , 1 - 10.
Mukherjee, S. (2020). The Battle
between NoSQL Databases and RDBMS. SSRN Journal, Retrieved from
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3393986 , 1 - 7.
Poojary, D., Poriya, A., & Nayak, A. (2015). Type of nosql databases and its comparison
with relational databases. International Journal of Applied Information Systems
, 16 - 19.
Teodoro, D., Wei-Kleiner, F., Sundvall, E., Karlsson, D., & Lambrix,
P. (2016). Comparing the Performance of NoSQL Approaches for Managing
Archetype-Based Electronic Health Record Data. Plos One , 1 - 16.
09 June, 2021
15 October, 2020
Write a loop that subtracts 1 from each element in lowerScores.
1. Write a loop that subtracts 1 from each element inlowerScores. If the element was already 0 or negative, assign 0 tothe element. Ex: lowerScores = {5, 0, 2, -3} becomes {4, 0, 1,0}.
what i am given
import java.util.Scanner;
public class StudentScores {
public static void main (String [] args) {
Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in);
final int SCORES_SIZE = 4;
int[] lowerScores = new int[SCORES_SIZE];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < lowerScores.length; ++i) {
lowerScores[i] = scnr.nextInt();
}
/* Your solution goes here */
for (i = 0; i < lowerScores.length; ++i) {
System.out.print(lowerScores[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
2.
Write a loop that sets newScores to oldScores shifted once left,with element 0 copied to the end. Ex: If oldScores = {10, 20, 30,40}, then newScores = {20, 30, 40, 10}.
Note: These activities may test code with different test values.This activity will perform two tests, both with a 4-element array(int oldScores[4]). See "How to Use zyBooks".
Also note: If the submitted code tries to access an invalid arrayelement, such as newScores[9] for a 4-element array, the test maygenerate strange results. Or the test may crash and report "Programend never reached", in which case the system doesn't print the testcase that caused the reported message.
what i am give.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class StudentScores {
public static void main (String [] args) {
Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in);
final int SCORES_SIZE = 4;
int[] oldScores = new int[SCORES_SIZE];
int[] newScores = new int[SCORES_SIZE];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < oldScores.length; ++i) {
oldScores[i] = scnr.nextInt();
}
/* Your solution goes here */
for (i = 0; i < newScores.length; ++i) {
System.out.print(newScores[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
3. Write a loop that sets each array element to the sum ofitself and the next element, except for the last element whichstays the same. Be careful not to index beyond the last element.Ex:
Initial scores: 10, 20, 30, 40Scores after the loop: 30, 50, 70, 40The first element is 30 or 10 + 20, the second element is 50 or20 + 30, and the third element is 70 or 30 + 40. The last elementremains the same.
what i am given
import java.util.Scanner;
public class StudentScores {
public static void main (String [] args) {
Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in);
final int SCORES_SIZE = 4;
int[] bonusScores = new int[SCORES_SIZE];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < bonusScores.length; ++i) {
bonusScores[i] = scnr.nextInt();
}
/* Your solution goes here */
for (i = 0; i < bonusScores.length; ++i) {
System.out.print(bonusScores[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
27 May, 2020
University of South Australia
School of ITMS
INFS 1021: Systems Analysis (SA)
A3 Assignment –
Group
Length: 2000 words, Weighting: 25%, Due Date: 11 pm Sunday 31st May
This task is to be done in groups which must have been approved by your tutor. Assignments will be returned to you within two to three weeks of submission. Feedback on this assignment will be provided via a rubric which will be available on the course website. Please read the assessment summary and assessment details sections of your course outline booklet carefully for further information relating to assessment in this course.
SPECIFICATIONS
This assignment will enable you to improve your skills as a systems analyst and carry out various activities in the systems analysis phase of the systems development life cycle. It requires you to investigate and document system requirements, identify and document use cases, carry out domain modelling and use case modelling.
The assignment should be created using the template provided on the course website.
Each group member is also required to fill out the “Declaration of Contribution” form which is available in the assignment template document. As stated in the form, if any contribution does not meet the assessment requirements, the course coordinator may adjust individual marks up or down, depending on the level of contribution made.
Marking Criteria
The rubric that will be used when assessing your work will be available on the course website. The word limit will not be checked for this assessment. This task will assess completeness of the objectives listed below.
• Completeness, suitability and thoroughness of responses to the questions
• Technical correctness of the various models created;
• Adequate presentation and format;
• Use of the template provided;
• Correct spelling and grammar;
• Clarity of expression;
• Clearly labelled questions and answers;
2 Submission Instructions
The assignment MUST be submitted via Learnonline through the course website or via MyUniSA. Please submit ONLY ONE assignment per group – nominate someone to submit the assignment on the group’s behalf. Include as part of your submission ONE .pdf document containing the responses to the questions relating to the given scenario. Individual submissions will NOT be considered or marked. Refer to your course outline for further information regarding extensions. Late submissions will not be accepted for this course unless an extension has been approved by the course coordinator (see section on extensions in your course outline for further details). Late submissions that have not been approved will receive a mark of zero.
***IMPORTANT INFORMATION***
It is up to each group to make sure that the submitted work does not contain any parts copied from another group in this or any previous year, from this or any similar course; or from a common source such as a textbook or website. The assignment must be your own collective work, and not contracted to a substitute person. If we are suspicious, we reserve the right to call you in and to test your understanding of what you have submitted in an oral examination. If plagiarism is detected it will be investigated and appropriate consequences will follow.
SCENARIO
A Medical Practice has tasked your team to develop the requirements for their medical practice management system. The system is to allow the practice to record patient appointments and allow doctors to capture the medical history of their patients. A patient’s primary doctor can access the details of their patients at any time. However if a patient temporarily sees a different doctor, that doctor can only access the patient’s medical records during the consultation. The system must record the times when doctors are available during business hours from Monday to Friday, 8 am to 9 pm, and Saturday and Sunday from 9 am to 4 pm. The system must be available with 98% certainty during these business hours. Response times for accessing a patient’s record, which can be a maximum of 100 megabytes, must not exceed 7 seconds. At times doctors will also be able to be rostered as a locum service in shifts from 6am to 2pm, 2 pm to 10pm or 10pm to 6am. A doctor may not be rostered on for more than 40 hours per week and if rostered as a locum shift may not take another shift without a 14 hour break. The medical practice has ten doctors. Only one doctor will be rostered on a locum shift at a time. During business hours two nurses must also be rostered on and again may not work more than 40 hours per week. A doctor consults with patients in their office and must be able to access the system from their office. The history of all updates is logged and the system is backed up daily. The system logs a person out after ten minutes without use. Doctors on the locum roster are to be provided with a tablet device with mobile phone and global positioning system connections. The application on the device is to contain an emergency call button that contacts police in the event of an emergency and transmits the address that the doctor is consulting at. The tablet device application is to be able to connect with the patient records stored at the main medical practice but only show the record of the patient that the doctor is consulting with at that time. Doctors consult with patients in either fifteen minute or 30 minute blocks. In addition to a patient’s medical history, a patient’s record must include their name, address, date of birth, emergency contacts, any current medications, a photograph of their face and key details such as hair colour, eye colour, height, weight and gender. Associated with a patient but stored separately is their financial records – bills incurred, outstanding and medical insurance details. The reception staff must be able to manage appointments in person or on the phone for new and existing patients. After an appointment, the reception staff must be able to call up the billing information for a patient based on what services a doctor has provided, accept cash or electronic payment and print out invoices for the patient or their parent, guardian or carer. Note that a patient without private medical insurance receives a Medicare rebate on their services and a patient with private medical insurance receives an additional rebate but there typically is some gap fee that remains to be paid. The business manager for the Practice must also be able to access the system for basic accounting activities, transferring the data into a standard accounting package for analysis. The business manager must be able to identify the total Medicare rebate as well as the Private Insurance company rebates and invoice accordingly. The business manager must also be able to identify the costs of the business associated with the time sheets that doctors complete each week. Doctors enter their time sheets via their office computer. Finally doctors must be able to access the Internet from their terminals and as well use the specialist Pharmacy application provided by AAA Pharmacy Pty Ltd. Each doctor must be able to print scripts for patients from their office or the surgery, the receptionists print invoices for patients and the business manager prints report information. It is imperative that patient privacy is strictly respected so there must be suitable security measures in place to ensure this. The Practice has one IT administrator that can perform general IT duties for the terminals and servers but must not be able to access patient records without an additional password entered by the most senior doctor of the practice. The system is expected to handle approximately 300 patients.
QUESTIONS 1.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
a. Who are the stakeholders for the system? Provide your response using the grid format and/or template given in the previous assignment. For each stakeholder identified, list what aspects of the system are of particular interest to them. Express stakeholders’ interests using the following template: “As a
22 May, 2020
Test of Association Assignment
Name________________________________
This assignment is worth 100 points. Each problem/part is
worth 5 points each.
Due Date: ThursdayMay 21, 2020 by 11:59p.m. EST.
You do not have to type your responses. If you wish to
provide hand-written work and scan your document, that is fine. Upload your
final document with complete responses to the ‘Test of Association Assignment’
in Canvas.
1. Some students in the masters of analytics
program at Harrisburg University claim they are really good at soccer. To see
whether there is an association among students and faculty in terms of the
goals they can score in a soccer game, the analytics faculty invited students and
teaching assistants (Ph.D. students) to play in soccer matches. Every player was allowed to play in only one match.
Over many matches, we counted the number of players who scored goals.
a. The soccer.txt file is attached to the
‘Test of Association Assignment’ in Canvas. Import this file into R. Copy and
paste your code below that shows where you imported the data. Name the data
frame that you create ‘soccer.’
library(readr)
b. When you examine the data frame you
imported into R, you will notice that it is not in the appropriate format for
performing a chi-square test. Using some of the R categorical functions that
you have learned in the course, convert the soccer data frame that you imported
in part a in to a table such that the Job
variable is on the rows and the Score variable
is on the columns. Name the table you create ‘soccer_t’. Copy and paste your code below that created the
table.
soccer_t <- read.delim("soccer.txt")
Table create
below
c. Develop the appropriate null and
alternative hypothesis for testing an association among these variables. State
the null and alternative hypothesis in the context of this problem.
H0: There is no
relationship between occupation with the frequency of scoring in a soccer
match.
H1:
There is a relationship between occupation with the frequency of scoring in a
soccer match.
d. Run the chi-square test in R using the
assocstats() function. Copy and paste your code and the output below. What is
the value of the chi-square test statistic? What is the p-value related to the
chi-square test statistic?
tab<- table(job,freq)
summary(assocstats(tab))
Chi-square test
statistic is 12
The p-value is
0.2851
e. Compute the χ2
test statistic that you obtained from the R output in part d. You should show your computations. Show the
computations of the expected counts. Provide a final table that includes the
observed counts with the expected counts in parenthesis for each cell. The
final table should have row and column margin totals and a grand total.
summary(chisq.test(tab))
f.
Does
the test statistic you found by hand in part e match the χ2 test statistic from the
assocstats() output in part d? State Yes or No.
No
g. Use the pchisq() function in R to find the
p-value associated with the χ2
test statistic. Copy and paste your code below.
Does the p-value you found with the pchisq() function match the p-value
from the assocstats() output in part d? State Yes or No.
YES
1-pchisq(12, 10, ncp = 0, lower.tail = TRUE, log.p = FALSE)
P value is 0.2850565 to four decimal places is 0.2851
hence it is similar to the p-value using assocstats ()
h. Using the p-value for this test, do you
reject or not reject the null hypothesis?
Accept the null
hypothesis
i.
State
a conclusion back in terms of the context of the problem.
The
null hypothesis is accepted because the p-value is greater than 0.05.
12 March, 2020
Final Research
Write a brief research report (up to about 7 pages, not including title page, abstract, and references), based on an analysis of the data file. Choose a hypothesis, cite at least three references to justify your hypothesis, test your hypothesis with an analysis of the DATA540.SAV file, and then report and discuss the results. Your results should include both descriptive and inferential statistics.
Use APA format, including an introduction, abstract, method, results, and discussion section. Please refer to the APA manual: American Psychological Association (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.
26 January, 2020
Lab 4 - Mutability
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Contents
Description
An
immutable project can be defined as a program that cannot be changed once a
variable has been instantiated. The program contains attributes that makes it
impossible to be changed once it has been created (Kjolstad, Dig, Acevedo, & Snir,
2010) . The project contains protective
measures that make it impossible to add or remove objects once it has been
created. Immutable program contains different objects that work together to
ensure that the program is not destroyed once it has been created. The project
involves testing an existing class known as Planet.java to see whether it has
attributes that makes it an immutable program. The test is conducted by reading
the code and establishing objects that makes it immutable and also developing a
test.java class to test the planet. Java. The test class should be able to use
the existing methods in the class planet and establish whether or not the class
is immutable.
Aims
I.
To determine whether
the program is immutable
II.
Develop a strategy that
can be used to define immutable objects
III.
To study and understand
the Date object
IV.
To develop a driver
class for the project
Method
The methodology
used to analyze the program to determine whether it is immutable is conducted
using NetBeans IDE.
Determining whether the program is immutable
The code below
shows the declaration of the code as public final class Planet; this is because
no children classes should be created from the immutable class Planet.
public
final class Planet
{
}
The fragment of
code from the program below shows string name and Date discoveryDate objects.
It is an immutable program because the constructor public Planet has
parameters. The parameterized
constructor makes it impossible for the project to be changed after it has been
created.
public
Planet (String name, Date discoveryDate)
{
this.name = name;
this.discoveryDate
= new Date (discoveryDate.getTime ());
}
The object
string name is immutable because once it is created it cannot be changed
anywhere in the program.
Both the
variables name and discoveryDate have get methods have seen below for each one
of them.
public
String getName()
{
return name;
}
The public String getName() return name as it is evident
in the fragment of code above.
public Date getDiscoveryDate()
{
return new Date(discoveryDate.getTime());
}
The code above public Date getDiscoveryDate() returns new
Date().
The program does not have setter methods to enable change
of the variables in the program once it has been created.
The tester code below proves that the class is immutable
//
Driver class
import
java.util.*;
class
Test
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Date date = new Date();
Planet p;
p = new Planet("Testing the Planet
Class", date);
System.out.println(p.getName());
System.out.println(p.getDiscoveryDate());
}
}
The tester code shows that the variables defined in the
class planet cannot be changed and it has to be re-used. As it is evident on
the code above the class Planet has to be called so as to be able to access the
variables name and discoveryDate using the get methods available in class
Planet.
Strategy to define
immutable objects
The best strategy to define immutable objects is by first
opening a program using different java IDE. Once the program has been opened
reading and understanding the code is important in understanding the type of
program and objects. The objects is plays a critical part in determining the
immutable nature of a program. The program should have a constructor that has
parameters, there should be a get method for all the variables in the program
and finally the program should not have a set method for any of the variables.
Understanding the
date variable
The date variable when it comes to immutable objects is
complex. This is because the date belongs to data type Date. It is evident in
our test class above as we can see in the code below:-
Date
date = new Date();
The object date had to be initiated using the function
new Date (). The double initiation of date object makes it complex to use. Date
object is discouraged from use because it has major flows since it was
developed. Such flows includes it lacks time zone, the world contains different
time zones. The lack of time zones in the java.util.Date makes it lack necessary features
that is important to the users of the systems developed using the object. It
also lacks time format that is necessary in ensuring that users of the system
understand the time being displayed (Nikolic, 2017) . The weakness makes
it harder because the software engineer has to design a time format for the
program which is time consuming. It also lacks a calendar system. The calendar
system has to be developed hence adding work to the individual or team using
java util Date for the function of software development. This is not flexible
because it rates years based on the year 1900 and it results in problems when using
years prior to 1900 (Nikolic, 2017) .
Results
and Testing
It
displayed the string “Testing the Planet Class”, the string was defined with
the string posted in the test class. The date displayed was the current time
defined on the test class but it was displayed using the function
getDiscoveryDate from the Planet class. The same applies to the string name
that was from class Planet.
Conclusions
In conclusion,
the aims of the study has been met, this because the program has been confirmed
to be immutable, the object date has been studying and understood
perfectly, the test class for the main
program was developed and finally the strategy to define an object based on
immutable program developed. The project is immutable based on (Haack, Poll, Schafer, &
Schubert, 2017)
definition of an immutable program. The program does not have setter methods
that can be used to change the program after it has been instantiated. The
program only contains constructors and getter methods that cannot be used to
change the program variables once they have been instantiated.
References
Haack, C., Poll, E., Schafer, J., & Schubert, A.
(2017). Immutable Objects for a Java-like
Language. German research foundation, Retrieved from
https://www.cs.ru.nl/E.Poll/papers/esop07.pdf .
Kjolstad, F. B., Dig, D., Acevedo, G., & Snir, M.
(2010). Refactoring for Immutability.
Making Classes
Immutable, Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4824892.pdf .
Nikolic, D. (2017). Still using java.util.Date? Don’t! Programming
Hints, Retrieved from
https://programminghints.com/2017/05/still-using-java-util-date-dont/ .
Appendices
Figure 1:
Class Planet
Figure 2:Class
Test
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